Jan. 23, 1899: Inauguration of the First Philippine Republic
On January 23, 1899, the First Philippine Republic, also known as the Malolos Republic, was officially inaugurated in a grand ceremony at Barasoain Church in … Read more
History
The Philippine Army: From “Katipuneros” to “Soldiers”
The Katipunan (also known as KKK) was founded on July 7, 1892, by Filipino rebels in Manila. Its full name, Kataas-taasang Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng mga … Read more
The Last Holdouts: General Vicente Lukban Falls, Feb. 18, 1902
General Vicente Lukban, a key leader of Filipino guerilla forces on Samar and Leyte islands in the eastern Visayas, commanded a determined resistance against American … Read more
Stalling Moro Resistance: The Bates Treaty and the Sultan of Sulu, Aug. 20, 1899
The Muslim Moros are a multilingual ethnic group that comprised about 5.25% of the total Philippine population in 2005. Their name originated from the Spanish … Read more
June 2, 1899: Last Spanish holdouts surrender in Baler
The Siege of Baler remains one of the most remarkable episodes in Philippine history, showcasing the resilience and determination of a small group of Spanish … Read more
The Role of Spanish Courts in the Filipino-American War
The Filipino-American War began in 1899, soon after the Philippines declared independence from Spain. For over 300 years, Spain ruled the Philippines and set up … Read more
South of Manila Campaign in the Filipino-American War
The Filipino-American War (1899–1902) marked a turbulent period in Philippine history, as Filipino forces fiercely resisted American colonization following Spain’s defeat in the Spanish-American War. … Read more
The Second Battle of Manila in the Filipino-American War
The Second Battle of Manila took place on February 22-23, 1899, during the Filipino-American War. After the first battle in early February, American forces had … Read more
The Declaration of Philippine Independence
The Philippines’ path to freedom is one filled with moments of courage, sacrifice, and the burning desire for sovereignty. One of the most critical milestones … Read more
What Happened in the Mock Battle of Manila?
The Mock Battle of Manila took place on August 13, 1898, during the Spanish-American War. Although it was called a battle, it was actually a … Read more
Fierce Battles in Manila’s Suburbs
The Philippine-American War, which broke out in 1899, was a conflict that fundamentally changed the future of the Philippines. At its core, the war was … Read more
The Malolos Congress – Birth of the First Philippine Republic
The Malolos Congress began on September 15, 1898. Just three months earlier, on June 12, 1898, the Philippines declared its independence from Spain. Now, the … Read more
The Capture of Apolinario Mabini
Apolinario Mabini was one of the most important leaders of the Philippine Revolution. Known as the “Brains of the Revolution,” he helped guide the country … Read more
The Assassination of General Antonio Luna
General Antonio Luna stands as one of the most pivotal figures in Philippine history, known for his military genius and unwavering patriotism. His assassination on … Read more