General Lawton’s Expedition in the Philippine-American War
In April 1899, during the Philippine-American War, Major General Henry W. Lawton led a daring mission known as the Lawton’s Lake Expedition. After the U.S. … Read more
History
The Ilustrado Elite and the American Occupation
When Emilio Aguinaldo declared Philippine independence on June 12, 1898, many believed the country was on its way to self-rule. The Malolos Congress, made up … Read more
The Fall of Ilocos and Cagayan During the Philippine-American War
In 1899, during the Philippine-American War, the regions of Ilocos and Cagayan became important battlegrounds. Filipino forces, led by General Manuel Tinio, fought hard to … Read more
Aguinaldo’s Shift to Guerilla Warfare in 1899
In 1899, the Philippine-American War took a new turn. The Filipino leader, Emilio Aguinaldo, realized that his army could no longer fight the Americans in … Read more
The Death of General Henry Lawton in the Philippine-American War
On December 19, 1899, General Henry Lawton, one of the highest-ranking U.S. officers in the Philippine-American War, was killed in battle at San Mateo. Lawton … Read more
Filipinos Negotiate: The Struggle for Peace Amidst War
In May 1899, amid the escalating conflict between Filipino revolutionaries and American forces, both sides sought a resolution through diplomacy. As the Philippine army struggled … Read more
How the Philippine-American War Began
The Philippine-American War, also called the Fil-Am War, began on February 4, 1899. It started just months after the Philippines declared independence from Spain, but … Read more
Aguinaldo’s Return in 1898 – The Fight for Philippine Independence Begins
In May 1898, Emilio Aguinaldo returned to the Philippines to lead the fight for independence from Spain. After years of exile, he was called back … Read more
Breaking the Resistance – The Surrenders of 1901
The Philippine-American War, a brutal conflict that shaped the early 20th century, reached a turning point in 1901. That year, a series of key surrenders … Read more
Conquering Calamba – The Bold U.S. Offensive of 1899
In July 1899, American forces captured the town of Calamba in Laguna Province during the Philippine-American War. Calamba was important because it was a major … Read more
The Capture of Emilio Aguinaldo
In 1901, the Philippine-American War hit a major turning point with the capture of Emilio Aguinaldo. Aguinaldo had been a key leader in the fight … Read more
Benevolent Assimilation – The U.S. Takeover of the Philippines
“Benevolent Assimilation” is a term tied to a key moment in American history, specifically the U.S. occupation of the Philippines after the Spanish-American War. President … Read more
The Battles of San Fernando in the Philippine-American War
The Battles of San Fernando took place during the Philippine-American War in 1899. San Fernando is a town in Pampanga Province. It became an important … Read more
The Battle of San Roque in the Philippine-American War
The Battle of San Roque took place on February 9, 1899, during the Philippine-American War. It happened in San Roque, a town in Cavite Province, … Read more