The Second Battle of Manila in the Filipino-American War
The Second Battle of Manila took place on February 22-23, 1899, during the Filipino-American War. After the first battle in early February, American forces had … Read more
Filipino American War
The Declaration of Philippine Independence
The Philippines’ path to freedom is one filled with moments of courage, sacrifice, and the burning desire for sovereignty. One of the most critical milestones … Read more
What Happened in the Mock Battle of Manila?
The Mock Battle of Manila took place on August 13, 1898, during the Spanish-American War. Although it was called a battle, it was actually a … Read more
Fierce Battles in Manila’s Suburbs
The Philippine-American War, which broke out in 1899, was a conflict that fundamentally changed the future of the Philippines. At its core, the war was … Read more
The Malolos Congress – Birth of the First Philippine Republic
The Malolos Congress began on September 15, 1898. Just three months earlier, on June 12, 1898, the Philippines declared its independence from Spain. Now, the … Read more
The Capture of Apolinario Mabini
Apolinario Mabini was one of the most important leaders of the Philippine Revolution. Known as the “Brains of the Revolution,” he helped guide the country … Read more
The Assassination of General Antonio Luna
General Antonio Luna stands as one of the most pivotal figures in Philippine history, known for his military genius and unwavering patriotism. His assassination on … Read more
General Lawton’s Expedition in the Philippine-American War
In April 1899, during the Philippine-American War, Major General Henry W. Lawton led a daring mission known as the Lawton’s Lake Expedition. After the U.S. … Read more
The Ilustrado Elite and the American Occupation
When Emilio Aguinaldo declared Philippine independence on June 12, 1898, many believed the country was on its way to self-rule. The Malolos Congress, made up … Read more
The Fall of Ilocos and Cagayan During the Philippine-American War
In 1899, during the Philippine-American War, the regions of Ilocos and Cagayan became important battlegrounds. Filipino forces, led by General Manuel Tinio, fought hard to … Read more
Aguinaldo’s Shift to Guerilla Warfare in 1899
In 1899, the Philippine-American War took a new turn. The Filipino leader, Emilio Aguinaldo, realized that his army could no longer fight the Americans in … Read more
The Death of General Henry Lawton in the Philippine-American War
On December 19, 1899, General Henry Lawton, one of the highest-ranking U.S. officers in the Philippine-American War, was killed in battle at San Mateo. Lawton … Read more
Filipinos Negotiate: The Struggle for Peace Amidst War
In May 1899, amid the escalating conflict between Filipino revolutionaries and American forces, both sides sought a resolution through diplomacy. As the Philippine army struggled … Read more
How the Philippine-American War Began
The Philippine-American War, also called the Fil-Am War, began on February 4, 1899. It started just months after the Philippines declared independence from Spain, but … Read more