When most people think of the Rough Riders, they immediately picture Theodore Roosevelt charging up San Juan Hill during the Spanish-American War. However, the Rough Riders’ story is much richer and more complex than just one man’s heroics. There were other Rough Riders whose bravery, leadership, and sacrifices were equally remarkable, yet their stories are often overshadowed by Roosevelt’s fame. This article sheds light on some of these unsung heroes, including Colonel Jay L. Torrey and Captain William “Buckey” O’Neill, who played pivotal roles in the Rough Riders’ legacy.
Colonel Jay L. Torrey: The Wyoming Cowboy and His Unfulfilled Campaign
Colonel Jay L. Torrey was a prominent figure in Wyoming before the Spanish-American War, known for his ranching success and political influence. Born in Pittsfield, Illinois, Torrey moved to Wyoming to assist his brother in managing a ranch in the Big Horn Basin. By the 1890s, he had established himself as a significant political figure, serving as the Speaker of the Wyoming House of Representatives. When the United States prepared for war with Spain, Torrey had a unique idea—he proposed forming a regiment of cowboy soldiers, which would later become known as the Rough Riders.
The Birth of the Cowboy Regiments
In the spring of 1898, Torrey traveled to Washington, D.C., where he lobbied Congress to authorize the formation of cowboy cavalry units. Although Theodore Roosevelt is often credited with the idea, it was Torrey who first proposed the concept of using cowboys’ natural riding and shooting skills in a military context. Congress approved the creation of three volunteer cavalry regiments, with Torrey appointed to command the Second Volunteer Cavalry.
Torrey’s regiment, dubbed “Torrey’s Rough Riders,” was composed largely of men from Wyoming, but it also included recruits from Colorado, Nevada, Idaho, and Utah. The unit assembled at Fort D. A. Russell near Cheyenne, Wyoming, where they underwent rigorous training and mounted drills. Torrey insisted on only the best horses for his men, ensuring that the regiment would be as effective as possible in combat.
Tragedy and Missed Opportunities
Despite their preparation and enthusiasm, Torrey’s Rough Riders never saw combat. As they were en route to Jacksonville, Florida—the staging area for deployment to Cuba—tragedy struck. On June 26, 1898, two trains carrying the regiment collided near Tupelo, Mississippi, killing five men and injuring 15 others, including Torrey, who suffered injuries to his feet that left him on crutches for weeks.
By the time the regiment reached Jacksonville, the war was nearly over. Roosevelt’s Rough Riders had already gained fame for their charge up San Juan Hill, and the Second Volunteer Cavalry remained in Florida, battling typhoid fever rather than Spanish soldiers. More than 30 men from Torrey’s unit died from the disease before the regiment was mustered out of service in October 1898. Despite his regiment’s lack of combat experience, Torrey’s leadership and the efforts of his men remain an essential part of the Rough Riders’ legacy.
Captain William “Buckey” O’Neill: The Fearless Leader Who Gave All
Captain William Owen “Buckey” O’Neill was another Rough Rider whose story, though lesser-known, is filled with courage and dedication. Born in 1860, likely in St. Louis or Washington, D.C., O’Neill was a man of many talents—a journalist, lawman, and politician—before he became a soldier.
A Life of Adventure and Public Service
O’Neill earned his nickname “Buckey” from his penchant for gambling at faro, a popular card game in the Old West. His willingness to “buck the tiger” (take risks against high odds) was a defining characteristic throughout his life. After studying law, O’Neill moved to the Arizona Territory in 1879, where he eventually became a newspaper editor, court reporter, and judge. His reputation for bravery and integrity led to his election as Yavapai County sheriff and later as mayor of Prescott, Arizona.
In 1898, as war loomed, O’Neill founded the 1st Volunteer Cavalry, which soon merged with other units to become the Rough Riders. O’Neill quickly became a key figure in the regiment, known for his leadership and unflinching courage. He was admired by his men and by Roosevelt, who often spoke of O’Neill’s bravery.
The Final Stand
O’Neill’s fearless nature was on full display during the Battle of Las Guasimas on June 24, 1898, where he refused to take cover despite heavy enemy fire. His reasoning was simple: “An officer should always set an example to his men.” A week later, during the Battle of San Juan Hill, O’Neill’s luck ran out. While his men took cover in a ditch, O’Neill stood and paced, defiantly declaring that no Spanish bullet could harm him. Tragically, a sniper’s bullet found its mark, killing O’Neill instantly.
Though his life was cut short, O’Neill’s legacy endured. His remains were eventually reinterred at Arlington National Cemetery, and his dedication to Arizona’s statehood was commemorated with the inscription on his tombstone: “Who Would Not Die for a New Star on the Flag?” Today, his cabin at the Grand Canyon’s South Rim serves as a reminder of his adventurous spirit and dedication to his country.
The Legacy of the Rough Riders: More Than Roosevelt
While Theodore Roosevelt remains the most famous Rough Rider, the regiment was composed of many men whose bravery and leadership were equally deserving of recognition. Colonel Jay L. Torrey and Captain Buckey O’Neill represent just two of the many unsung heroes who played critical roles in the Spanish-American War. Their stories, along with those of countless others, highlight the diverse backgrounds and shared dedication of the Rough Riders.
Additional Unsung Heroes of the Rough Riders
- Colonel Leonard Wood: Initially commanding officer of the Rough Riders before Roosevelt, Wood’s medical background and leadership were pivotal in organizing the regiment. He later served as a military governor in Cuba and the Philippines, playing a key role in American colonial administration.
- Sergeant George Berry: A former buffalo soldier, Berry’s experience and skills in combat were invaluable to the Rough Riders. Despite the segregation of the time, Berry’s contributions were critical in the success of the unit.
- Lieutenant Colonel Theodore Roosevelt: While not an unsung hero by any means, it’s important to remember Roosevelt’s role was initially that of a secondary leader under Leonard Wood. His leadership during the charge up San Juan Hill cemented his reputation, but it was part of a larger team effort that included many others.
The Rough Riders were more than just a single regiment led by a future president; they were a diverse group of brave men from all walks of life who came together to serve their country. Colonel Jay L. Torrey, Captain Buckey O’Neill, and others like them exemplified the courage and dedication that defined the Rough Riders. Their stories, though less celebrated, are integral to understanding the full legacy of this iconic unit in American history. As we honor their contributions, we ensure that the Rough Riders’ legacy is remembered in its entirety, recognizing the sacrifices and achievements of all who served.